Kantische und phänomenologische Auffassungen des Apriori in Bezug auf materiales Apriori und formales Apriori

Article

Abstract

[In German]

On one hand, the concept of the a priori is one of the principal
themes in Kant’s philosophy. And we can say that Kant basically
comprehended the a priori as the form of a priori. Husserl, however,
claimed that there was absent of the genuine concept of the a
priori in Kant’s philosophy. On the other hand, Husserl suggested
that Hume’s «the relation of ideas» is the only important concept
of the a priori in epistemology. It was by the way of reflecting on
Hume and Kant’s concept of the a priori that Husserl found his own
concept named as «essence – Apriori». We can regard the critique
of Scheler on the concept of the a priori of Kant as the supplement
and deepening of Husserl’s critique on Kant. In contrast with Kant,
the phenomenologists hold that there is the non-formal a priori,
and the grounding relationship between the non-formal a priori
and the formal one. By Scheler’s theory of the functionalization of
the eidetic intuition, it is confirmed that the non-formal a priori
given as the essence in phenomenological intuition functions as the
foundation. It is by its functionalization that the formal a priori
plays a role as the formal laws of function. In this sense, the comprehension
of a priori in the way of phenomenology is not only
the comprehension of Kant’s a priori, but also the transform of the
mode of philosophical thinking.